1. Read the text. For questions (1-4), choose the best answers (A, B, C or D).

(Đọc bài khóa. Với các câu hỏi (1-4), chọn đáp án đúng nhất (A, B, C hoặc D).)

The current global energy crisis is having a terrible effect on many countries around the world. It began in 2021 and is showing no real signs of going away.

The cause of the crisis is the global shortages of oil and gas. These shortages have raised the prices of electricity and forced many families into poverty. The shortages came about because of increased demand after the global pandemic and because of some military conflicts.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021, energy demands dropped and production declined. After the pandemic, the energy suppliers failed to meet the renewed demand. After that, some military conflicts caused serious troubles in delivering fossil fuels like oil and gas, which means that lots of people couldn't have access to energy sources for their daily use.

The fuel crisis has led to a food crisis affecting millions of people. Energy is needed for food production and as fuel prices increase, so do food production costs. In other words, food prices have gone up around the world and led to a cost-of-living crisis in many countries.

Another negative effect of the energy crisis is that people have gone back to using coal and wood as fuel sources, which increases carbon dioxide emissions and adds to air pollution. This in turn increases the effects of global warming and leads to further climate change.

There is a solution, though. We should consider using electricity from renewable sources rather than from oil and gas. These renewable sources such as solar power, wind power, hydropower, geothermal energy, tidal power and biomass energy are clean and do not cause much pollution. By reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, we can end the energy crisis, cut down on pollution and slow down climate change.

1. What is the main reason for the energy crisis?

A. There is not enough oil and gas.                B. The price of electricity is too high.

C. The demand for electricity is too high.      D. There is not enough electricity for everyone.

2. What happened after the COVID-19 pandemic?

A. Energy production dropped slowly.          

B. Energy production increased fast to meet the new demand.

C. Energy demand gradually decreased.       

D. Many people couldn't use energy because of delivery problems.

3. What is NOT an effect of the energy crisis?

A. The food crisis                                           B. Global warming

C. The cost-of-living crisis                             D. Increased carbon dioxide emissions

4. What can end the energy crisis?

A. Using coal and wood as fuel sources         B. Switching to renewable energy

C. Reducing global warming                          D. Slowing down climate change 

Listening (Nghe hiểu)

2. Listen to a dialogue about solutions to slums and fill in the gaps (1-5). Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

(Lắng nghe một đoạn hội thoại về các giải pháp cho khu ổ chuột và điền vào các chỗ trống (1-5). Viết KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ VÀ/HOẶC MỘT CON SỐ cho mỗi câu trả lời.)

1. People have to live in slums because they can't _____ housing.

2. More than _____ people are living in slums.

3. People in slums need basic things like clean water, _____ and waste management.

4. To deal with slum problems, the local community and _____ need to work together.

5. People living in slums also need education, healthcare and _____.

Everyday English (Tiếng Anh thường ngày)

3. Read and complete the dialogue with the phrases in the list below.

(Đọc và hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại sau với các cụm từ trong danh sách bên dưới.)

• It may be wise to

• I find it concerning that

• I have some worries about

• What do you think if

Tracy: After watching a documentary on the environment, 1) _____ the state of our overloaded landfills.

Rick: What do you mean?

Tracy: According to research, we throw away more and more rubbish, which - as you know - ends up in landfills. 2) _____  they can no longer receive and process waste, which gradually results in soil degradation and pollution.

Rick: I see what you mean. Overpopulation is a major cause of this. 3) _____ replace disposable items with reusable ones.

Tracy: You're right. Also, 4) _____ we write a letter to the city council to draw their attention to this issue.

Rick: Great idea! Now about we make a podcast on this subject?

Tracy: Sounds like a plan! 

Speaking (Nói)

4. Act out dialogues similar to the one in Exercise 3, using the prompts below.

(Diễn các đoạn hội thoại tương tự bài tập 3, dùng các gợi ý bên dưới.)

• You have read an article on overpopulation. You discuss its causes and consequences.

(Bạn mới đọc một bài báo về quá tải dân số. Bạn thảo luận về nguyên nhân và hậu quả của nó.)

• A friend of yours has shown you an article on global warming. You discuss its causes and effects. You also make suggestions as to how to cope with it

(Một người bạn của bạn cho bạn thấy một bài báo về biến đổi khí hậu. Bạn cũng đưa ra những gợi ý làm cách nào để đối mặt với nó.)

• You are concerned about the energy crisis. Discuss its causes and effects with your teacher. How can it be dealt with?

(Bạn đang lo lắng về khủng hoảng năng lượng. Thảo luận nguyên nhân và tác động của chúng với giáo viên của bạn. Và nó có thể được giải quyết như thế nào?)

Writing (Viết)

5. Read the essay and put the paragraphs in the correct order.

(Đọc bài luận và xếp các đoạn văn vào đúng vị trí.)

A. ___ The main drawback of population growth is its negative impact on the environment. Carbon and methane emissions produced by factories and cars potentially contribute to global warming. As the number of city dwellers increases, natural resources get depleted more quickly. A further drawback is road congestion as more vehicles are used. Finally, megacities face the risk of water shortage and drought.

B. ___ All in all, population growth comes with many benefits for the society, but it results in serious burdens. The advantages of population growth should be developed properly, and its disadvantages should be fully understood in order that we can have a more sustainable future.

C. ___ Nowadays, more and more cities are growing into megacities, which has, as a result, a tremendous population growth. This phenomenon has certain advantages and its typical drawbacks.

D. ___ One of the advantages of population growth is that there is a bigger pool of human capital, which means more creative people may come up with innovative ideas. An additional advantage is that higher economic growth could lead to higher tax revenues and a better education and healthcare system. Moreover, societies with a growing population have greater diversity and offer more cultural activities.

6. Write an essay on the pros and cons of living in the countryside (about 180 – 200 words).

(Viết một bài luận về lợi ích và hạn chế của việc sống ở nông thôn (khoảng 180 đến 200 từ.)

Introduction: (Paragraph 1) presenting the topic

(Mở bài: (đoạn 1) trình bày chủ đề)

Main body:

(Paragraph 2) writing about advantages with explanation(s)/example(s)

(Paragraph 3) writing about disadvantages with explanation(s)/example(s)

(Thân bài:

(Đoạn 2) viết về lợi ích với giải thích/ví dụ

(Đoạn 3) viết về hạn chế với giải thích/ví dụ)

Conclusion: (Paragraph 4) summarising the main points, stating your opinion

(Kết bài: (Đoạn 4) Tổng kết các ý chính, trình bày quan điểm)