1 Is there a problem with litter where you live? Read the opinions below. Who do you think should be responsible for reducing litter?

(Nơi bạn sống có vấn đề về rác thải không? Đọc các ý kiến dưới đây. Bạn nghĩ ai sẽ chịu trách nhiệm giảm thiểu rác thải?)

A load of rubbish?

1. One thing I can't stand is all the litter outside fast food restaurants. What they should do is employ extra staff to help clean up the streets. Rob K
2. The people that I blame are the teenagers - it's them who cause all the problems. The town where I live is full of youngsters, hanging around in gangs and leaving rubbish everywhere - it's a disgrace. Daniel
3. There's so much plastic packaging nowadays. All the government needs to do is force companies to use biodegradable or recyclable materials in their products and the problem will be solved. Bex

2 Read the Learn this! box. Then find examples of each rule in exercise 1.

(Đọc phần LEARN THIS! Sau đó tìm ví dụ về từng quy tắc trong bài tập 1.)

3 Rewrite the sentences (1-7) to make a contrast. Begin with it and emphasise the underlined words.

(Viết lại các câu (1-7) để tạo sự tương phản. Bắt đầu với it và nhấn mạnh những từ được gạch chân.)

1 Mia isn't coming shopping with us. Lara is.

(Mia sẽ không đi mua sắm với chúng ta. Lara thì có.)

It's Lara who's coming with us, not Mia.

(Lara sẽ đi cùng chúng ta chứ không phải Mia.)

2 I haven't got a credit card. I've got a debit card.

3 The first supermarket opened in 1916. It wasn't 1920.

4 Her mum doesn't work in a store. Her aunt does.

5 Many people don't want quality. They want low prices.

6 The sales start on Friday. They don't start today.

7 I blame teenagers for the litter. I don't blame the restaurants.

4 Read the Learn this! box. Then find two examples in exercise 1. How would the sentences read without the emphatic structure?’

(Đọc phần LEARN THIS! Sau đó tìm hai ví dụ trong bài tập 1. Các câu sẽ đọc như thế nào nếu không có cấu trúc nhấn mạnh?)

5 Rewrite the sentences (1-6). Begin with the words in brackets and emphasise the underlined words.

(Viết lại các câu (1-6). Bắt đầu bằng những từ trong ngoặc và nhấn mạnh những từ được gạch chân.)

1 Store loyalty cards have really caught on. (One idea...)

2 It's the directors of companies who should change. (The people...)

3 Many European firms are investing in Asia. (One place...)

4 Greed drives most consumerism. (The thing.)

5 Plastic packaging creates most waste. (The thing...)

6 Self-service stores first opened in the USA. (The country...) 

6 Complete the text with the words below. Use each word once.

(Hoàn thành văn bản với các từ dưới đây. Sử dụng mỗi từ một lần.)

The ¹ ____ that annoys me most is the litter. Clearly ² ____ that some people care about is convenience, not the environment. So ³ ____ the government needs to do is prosecute those involved in anti-social behaviour. But ⁴ ____  the businesses themselves that also need to take more responsibility - for example, the place ⁵ ____ I usually shop has installed a security camera to deter people from dropping rubbish outside. And ⁶ ____ thing they've tried successfully in some places is putting up lifesize cardboard police officers. It seems all ⁷ ____ some people need is a gentle reminder to act responsibly.

7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think of different ways to complete each sentence. Then compare your ideas with other pairs'.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hãy nghĩ ra những cách khác nhau để hoàn thành mỗi câu. Sau đó so sánh ý tưởng của bạn với các cặp khác'.)

1 The places in my town that have the most litter are...

2 All we need to do to reduce litter is...