a) Look at the pictures and fill in the missing letters.

(Nhìn vào các bức tranh và điền vào các chữ cái còn thiếu.)

b) Use the words/phrases in Exercise 1a to fill in the gaps.

(Dùng các từ/ cụm từ ở bài tập 1a để điền vào các chỗ trống.)

1. Many flats in that _____ are too expensive for most people.

2. _____ results in many kinds of pollution in modern cities.

3. _____ happens when lots of people leave the countryside for the city.

4. There are high levels of pollution new a(n) _____ because of the waste from many factories. 

Pronunciation (Phát âm)

Vowel review (Ôn tập về nguyên âm)

Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

(Chọn từ có phần gạch chân phát âm khác với các từ còn lại.)

1. A. trade                   B. land                         C. flat                          D. cash

2. A. level                    B. access                     C. expert                     D. species

3. A. construct             B. pollute                    C. refund                     D. result

4. A. urbanise              B. interview                C. consider                  D. disappear 

Reading (Đọc hiểu)

3. Read the text. Choose the option (A, B, C or D) that best fits each gap (1-5).

(Đọc bài khóa. Chọn đáp án (A, B, C hoặc D) phù hợp nhất với mỗi chỗ trống (1-5).)

OUR URBAN HISTORY

The first cities appeared around ten thousand years ago in areas with good farmland near rivers such as in Mesopotamia and Egypt. This is because when people started to grow crops, they could live in communities in one place instead of moving around to find food. The rivers also allowed them 1) _____ with other communities.

People became attracted to cities because they offered trade, education and work opportunities, but urbanisation is a new thing. Until 250 years ago, 90% of people lived in rural areas. The huge cities of Mesopotamia have disappeared, 2) _____ other cities have grown. For example, Cairo in Egypt today has a population of 22 million people.

The main reason behind the rapid urbanisation we see today was the Industrial Revolution of the mid-1800s, 3) _____ started in England and then spread to Europe and America. People started moving from the countryside to the cites to work in the factories, which made the city populations grew rapidly. London went from a population of one million in 1800 to over six million in ten years. Advances in infrastructure, transit, education and entertainment keep 4) _____ people to move to big cities. More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas today and experts predict that it will increase to two-thirds by 2050.

The first megacities with populations of more than 10 million people 5) _____ New York City and Tokyo in the 1950s. There are 33 megacities around the world today. Tokyo is still the biggest with 37.3 million residents, but there are lots of cities with populations of more than 20 million such as Delhi, Shanghai, Dhaka, Sao Paulo and Mexico City. Experts predict there will be 41 megacities by the year 2030.

1. A. trade                   B. to trade                   C. trading                    D. to trading

2. A. or                        B. and                          C. but                          D. so

3. A. which                  B. that                         C. who                         D. why

4. A. attract                 B. attracting                C. to attract                 D. to attracting

5. A. is                         B. was                         C. are                          D. were

5. Read the text again. Complete each sentence with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER.

(Đọc lại bài khóa một lần nữa. Hoàn thành mỗi câu với KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ VÀ/HOẶC MỘT CON SỐ.)

1. People started living in cities about _____ years ago.

2. Cities offered people _____, education and work opportunities.

3. The _____ was the main reason for urbanisation in the 1800s.

4. Experts think _____ of the world's population will live in cities by 2050.

5. By the year 2030, it is predicted that there will be _____ megacities. 

Vocabulary (Từ vựng)

Rural - urban migration (Sự di cư từ nông thôn lên thành phố)

5. Choose the correct option.

(Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. Low wages/access may force people to leave their towns or villages.

2. Lack of public/recreational activities makes young people move to cities.

3. Access to goods/industries and services is available but sometimes expensive in cities.

4. Crop infrastructure/failure may be due to global warming.

5. There are more industries/goods in a megacity, which creates more jobs.

6. Poor infrastructure/access in rural areas leads people to big cites. 

6. Fill in each gap with infrastructure, recreational, failure, industries, goods or wages.

(Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống với infrastructure, recreational, failure, industries, goods hoặc wages.)

A: Hey John! How are you doing?

B: I'm alright. You know what? I'm thinking of moving to the city.

A: Why is that? Are you going to leave the quiet life of our village?

B: Well, although I like the peaceful and slow pace of life here, I must go. 1) _____ are higher in the city and there are more 2) _____ activities there.

A: Are you sure about that? I know there are very few job opportunities here, but the locals are well-mannered and caring, and you live a life that's far from stressful.

B: I really love the beautiful things in our town, but after the last crop 3) _____ I have no choice but to go to a big urban centre. There are certainly more 4) _____ that offer employment, and the city has better 5) _____ and public services than our rural area. I hope to get a job soon and find a spacious flat.

A: I hope you can afford all the 6) _____ the city can offer!