Counter-urbanisation (Chống đô thị hóa)

1. Read the text about the causes and effects of counter-urbanisation.

(Đọc văn bản về các nguyên nhân và ảnh hưởng của phản đô thị hóa.)

While urbanisation has led to fast urban growth, counter-urbanisation has resulted in the opposite situation. Counter-urbanisation happens when a great number of people move from urban areas into rural areas.
This phenomenon is linked to the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors of migration. Trying to avoid overcrowded inner cities, city dwellers look for larger, cleaner and quieter houses with more land at cheaper prices in rural or suburban areas. They want to escape the air and noise pollution, and the crime in inner cities.
However, counter-urbanisation causes serious problems in the shrinking cities. These cities face severe economic strain and a sharp increase in poverty. Despite declining populations, they still have to spend money maintaining infrastructure, such as roads, sanitation, public transport, etc.., built for a much larger population.

Meanwhile, villages in the countryside become increasingly urbanised, grow fast and soon lose their uniqueness and charm. Local prices go up because city migrants have more money. They earn money from well-paid city jobs and high-valued city properties. Villagers often find it more and more difficult to earn a living and provide for their families.
Counter-urbanisation has caused many negative effects. Governments should find urgent short-term solutions before implementing a long-term comprehensive programme to make life sustainable for people in both urban and rural areas.

2. Read the text again and decide whether the following statements are true (T), false (F), or not given (NG), and tick the correct box. 

(Đọc văn bản một lần nữa và quyết định việc các nhận định sau đây là đúng (T), sai (F), hoặc không xác định (NG), và đánh dấu vào ô đúng.)

1. Urbanisation and counter-urbanisation are two opposite trends.

2. City dwellers look for houses in rural or suburban areas just because they are cheap.

3. Shrinking cities still face high rates of crime.

4. When populations decline, cities spend less money on maintaining infrastructure.

5. Country villages quickly lose their unique character and charm when they become urbanised and grow fast.

6. Governments should offer immediate short-term solutions to make life sustainable for both urban and rural inhabitants.

3. Work with a partner. Use the information in the table below or your own ideas to make a conversation about one of the historical figures.

(Làm việc cùng người bạn. Sử dụng các thông tin trong bảng dưới đây hoặc ý tưởng của riêng bạn để tạo một cuộc trò chuyện về một trong những nhân vật lịch sử.)

4. Listen to the recording about wave energy. Choose the best option to complete the sentence. 

(Nghe đoạn ghi âm về năng lượng sóng. Chọn lựa chọn tốt nhất để hoàn thành câu.)