Modals

must-have to

must - have to

• All hospital nurses must wear a uniform. (It's a rule.)

• All hospital nurses have to wear a uniform. (They are obliged to.)

• Ed broke his arm, so he must go to hospital. (It's necessary. It's urgent and important.)

• Ed broke his arm, so he has to go to hospital. (It's necessary.)

• I must stay in bed and rest for a week. (I believe it is necessary.)

 •I have to stay in bed and rest for a week. (Someone else believes it is necessary.)

mustn't - don't have to

• You mustn't touch the medical devices. (It's against the rule.)

• You mustn't smoke in the hospital. (It's prohibited.)

• I don't have to buy the medicine. I have it at home. (It isn't necessary.)

Tạm dịch

must - have to

• Tất cả y tá bệnh viện phải mặc đồng phục. (Đó là một quy tắc.)

• Tất cả y tá bệnh viện phải mặc đồng phục. (Họ có nghĩa vụ.)

• Ed bị gãy tay nên anh ấy phải đến bệnh viện. (Điều đó là cần thiết. Nó khẩn cấp và quan trọng.)

• Ed bị gãy tay nên anh ấy phải đến bệnh viện. (Nó cần thiết.)

• Tôi phải nằm trên giường và nghỉ ngơi trong một tuần. (Tôi tin rằng nó là cần thiết.)

 • Tôi phải nằm trên giường và nghỉ ngơi trong một tuần. (Một số người khác tin rằng điều đó là cần thiết.)

mustn't - don't have to

• Bạn không được chạm vào các thiết bị y tế. (Đó là trái với quy tắc.)

• Bạn không được hút thuốc trong bệnh viện. (Nó bị cấm.)

• Tôi không phải mua thuốc. Tôi có nó ở nhà. (Không cần thiết.)

1. Choose the correct option. Give a reason for your choice.

(Chọn phương án đúng. Đưa ra một lý do cho sự lựa chọn của bạn.)

1 I feel really unfit. I must/have to exercise three times a week to get fit.

2 All patients must/have to check in at the hospital reception. They are obliged to.

3 You must/have to put some ice on your swollen ankle. It's necessary.

4 I must/have to put these drops in my ear for three days according to the doctor.

5 The doctor must/has to see this patient right away. It's urgent.

6 All visitors must/have to park only in visitors' parking; it's the hospital rule.

7 My mum says I really must/have to stop eating junk food.

8 I must/have to get a prescription for my arthritis every month from the doctor.

9 I can't sleep well at night. I think I must/ have to find a way to help me sleep better. 

10 You must/have to speak quietly in the doctor's office. It's a rule.

2. Fill in each gap with don't have to, doesn't have to or mustn't.

(Điền vào mỗi khoảng trống với don't have to, doesn't have to hoặc mustn’t.)

1 Karen _________ remove her bandage until the doctor says.

2 Mike_________ take antibiotics because he doesn't have a chest infection.

3 You _________ park in front of the emergency entrance; it's prohibited.

4 You _________ visit Jay in the morning; there are visiting hours in the evening, too.

5 They _________ stay in patients' rooms once visiting hours are over.

6 You _________ buy any plasters. There are still some in the medicine cabinet.

3. Read the notice. Fill in each gap with must, mustn't, have to or don't have to.

(Đọc thông báo. Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống với must, mustn't, have to hoặc don't have to.)

RULES FOR HOSPITAL VISITORS

1 Visitors are allowed only during visiting hours: 10 a.m.1 p.m. and 5 p.m. - 8 p.m.

2 Children under 14 are not allowed in the hospital.

3 Information is available at the reception.

4 Keep quiet while in patients' rooms.

5 There is a cafeteria for visitors.

1 You __________ visit the hospital between 10 a.m. - 1 p.m. and 5 p.m. - 8 p.m.

2 You __________ visit the hospital at 3 p.m.

3 You __________ be 14 years or older to enter the hospital.

4 You __________ ask for information at the reception.

5 You __________ make noise in patients' rooms.

6 You __________ bring food to the hospital. There's a cafeteria.

4. Complete the sentences with have to, don't have to, must or mustn't. Make the sentences so that they are true for you.

(Hoàn thành các câu với have to, don't have to, must hoặc mustn't. Đặt câu sao cho đúng với bạn.)

1 At home, I have to keep my room tidy.

(Ở nhà, tôi phải giữ phòng gọn gàng.)

2 At school, ______________________

3 In the library, ______________________

4 At the weekend, ______________________

5 When in a car, _____________________

should- ought to - had better

We use should (not), ought (not) to or had better (not) with bare infinitive to give advice.

should / ought to - had better

• You should / ought to go to bed early. (to give general advice - It's a good idea.)

• You had better see a doctor for that cough. (to give specific advice - It's a good idea.)

• Ginger is a great natural home remedy. You should try it. (If you don't try it, it's no problem.)

• It is very sunny today. You had better put on plenty of suncream. (If you don't, you will have sunburn.)

shouldn't / ought not to – had better not

• You shouldn't/ought not to go to bed late. (to give general advice - It's not a good idea.)

• You had better not walk on a sprained ankle. (If you do, the sprained ankle will get worse.)

Tạm dịch

Chúng ta sử dụng should (not), should (not) to hoặc had better (not) với nguyên mẫu để đưa ra lời khuyên.

should / ought to - had better

• Bạn nên đi ngủ sớm. (để đưa ra lời khuyên chung - Đó là một ý kiến hay.)

• Bạn nên đi khám bác sĩ vì chứng ho đó. (để đưa ra lời khuyên cụ thể - Đó là một ý kiến hay.)

• Gừng là một phương thuốc tự nhiên tuyệt vời tại nhà. Bạn nên thử nó. (Nếu bạn không thử thì cũng không sao.)

• Hôm nay trời rất nắng. Bạn nên bôi nhiều kem chống nắng. (Nếu không, bạn sẽ bị cháy nắng.)

shouldn't / ought not to – had better not

• Bạn không nên/không nên đi ngủ muộn. (để đưa ra lời khuyên chung - Đó không phải là một ý kiến hay.)

• Bạn không nên đi bộ khi bị bong gân mắt cá chân. (Nếu bạn làm thế, mắt cá chân bị bong gân sẽ trở nên tồi tệ hơn.)

5. Choose the correct option. Give a reason for your choice.

(Chọn phương án đúng. Đưa ra một lý do cho sự lựa chọn của bạn.)

1 Liam has serious stomach pain. We should/ had better take him to the hospital right away.

2 You ought not to/had better not eat so much junk food.

3 You had better/ought to put some cream on your sunburn. It looks bad.

4 You should/had better try drinking ginger tea; it's good for you.

5 You shouldn't/had better not go out with such a bad cough.

6 You ought to/had better get some fresh air if you feel car sick.

7 You have the flu. You ought not to/had better not go to school.

8 I think you have a serious sprained ankle. You had better/should go to hospital.

9 You should/had better exercise more often to stay healthy.

10 Lavender oil is good for stress relief. You had better/ought to try it on your skin.

6. Match the situations (1-5) to the correct advice (a–e).

(Nối các tình huống (1-5) với lời khuyên đúng (a–e).)

1 You have a bad toothache.

2 You feel tired all the time.

3 You have hay fever.

4 You are very sick.

5 You would like to lose weight.

a You ought to go on a diet.

b You had better see a doctor right away.

c You had better go to the dentist.

d You should get more sleep at night.

e You had better not go outside.

7. Choose the option (A, B, C or D) to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

(Chọn phương án (A, B, C hoặc D) để chỉ ra câu gần nghĩa nhất với mỗi câu hỏi sau.)

1 It's not a good idea for children to go to bed late. They will feel tired in the morning.

A Children should not go to bed late.

B Children should not to go to bed late.

C Children ought to not go to bed late.

D Children have to go to bed early.

2 If you touch that plant, you'll get a rash.

A You shouldn't touch that plant.

B You had better not touch that plant.

C You mustn't touch that plant.

D You ought to not touch that plant.

3 "If I were you, I would try joining a gym," my friend says.

A You had better to try joining a gym.

B You have to join a gym.

C You ought to trying joining a gym.

D You should try joining a gym.

4 I think it's best that you avoid playing tennis. Your knee injury hasn't healed yet.

A You shouldn't play tennis.

B You had better not play tennis.

C You don't have to play tennis.

D You mustn't play tennis.

8. In pairs, take turns describing the problems below and giving advice.

(Theo cặp, thay phiên nhau mô tả các vấn đề dưới đây và đưa ra lời khuyên)

• a terrible-headache

• trouble sleeping

•  a rash on your arm

• overweight

•  a runny nose

• often feel stressed

• a deep cut on your finger

•  a swollen wound on your leg

A: I've got a terrible headache right now.

B: You had better take an aspirin.

(A: Hiện tại tôi đang bị đau đầu kinh khủng.

B: Bạn nên uống một viên aspirin.)